Latin American Economic Area (Master, Doctorate)

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Syllabus of the Online Subject: Latin American Economic Area of Western-Christian Civilisation (America).

1. Introduction to Latin American Economic Area of Western Civilisation
   1. Economic Profile of Latin American Countries
2. Latin American Economic Integration Processes (Western Christian Civilisation, American, Economic Organisations, Trade Agreements).
3. Interactions with other civilisations.
   1. Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
   2. Economic Integration in South America
   3. The case of Chile
   4. Andean Countries
   5. The case of Mexico
   6. Economic Integration in Central America
4. Other Economic Institutions and Trade Agreements related to integration in Latin America
5. Relations between Latin America and Europe, Asia, Arab Countries, and Africa

The objectives of the Online Subject “Latin American Economic Area” are the following:

1. To define the characteristics of Latin American economic area of Western-Christian Civilisation
2. To analyse the influence of Christianity on Latin American Economic Area
3. To know the economic profile of Latin American Countries
4. To analyse the business people profile in Latin American Economic Area
5. To understand the economic integration process in Latin America (Western-Christian Civilisation)
6. To know economic relations with other civilisations (Sinic, Hindu, Islamic, African, and Buddhist) and with other areas of Western-Christian Civilisation (Europe, Caribbean, United States)
7. To analyse the main economic organisations related to Latin American Economic Area

Related Subjects to “Latin American Economic Area.”

1- Introduction to Latin American Economic Area of Western-Christian Civilisation (American)

1. South American sub-continent
2. Christianity in Latin America
3. Latin American Countries
4. Economy of Latin America

2- Processes of Latin American Economic Integration of Western Civilisation - American (Economic Organisations, Trade Agreements) and interactions with other civilisations.

2.1- Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)

2.2- Integration in South America.

1. Introduction to the MERCOSUR
2. MERCOSUR Member Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay
3. Incorporation of Bolivia (accession process) and Venezuela
4. MERCOSUR Interactions through Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with
   1. Christian Civilisation
      1. European Economic Area: European Union-Mercosur (EU)
      2. Latin American Economic Area: Chile, Andean Community, Mexico, and Peru
   2. Hindu Civilisation: India
   3. With Islamic Civilisation / African Civilisation: Egypt
   4. With African Civilisation: Agreement with Southern African Customs Union (Not in force)
   5. With Israel
   6. Africa-BRICS Cooperation (Brazil)

2.3- The Case of Chile (40% of Chilean foreign trade is made with Asia).

1. Chile's integration and FTAs with Western-Christian Civilisation
   1. Latin America: ALADI, MERCOSUR (associated), Andean Community (associated), Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, Central America, and Panama. Pacific Alliance (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru)
   2. North America: United States and Canada
   3. Europe: European Union (EU), European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
   4. FTA with Australia
2. Agreement with Islamic Civilisation: FTA with Turkey
3. Agreements with Sinic-Buddhist Civilisation: China, Japan, and South Korea
4. Agreements with Hindu Civilisation: India
5. Inter-civilisation Agreements:
   1. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
   2. Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (TPP)

2.4- Andean Countries.

1. Andean Community
2. Andean Countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
3. Integration and Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with
   1. Christian Civilisation - Latin America:
      1. The Andean Community has agreements with the MERCOSUR, Chile, Mexico, and Panama
      2. ALADI (all countries of the Andean Community), Chile-Ecuador
      3. Colombia's FTA: Mexico, Chile, the CARICOM, and the Northern Triangle (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras)
      4. Peru's FTA: MERCOSUR, Chile
   2. Christian Civilisation - North American:
      1. United States (FTA): United States-Colombia, United States-Peru
      2. Canada (FTA): Colombia-Canada, Peru-Canada
   3. Christian Civilisation - European: Association Agreement with the European Union (EU-Colombia, Peru), Colombia-European Free Trade Association FTA and Peru-EFTA FTA
   4. Hindu Civilisation: India
   5. Orthodox Civilisation: Russia
   6. Sinic - Buddhist Civilisation: Andean Community-China. Peru has agreements with China, Singapore, and South Korea
   7. Peru's inter-civilisation Agreements: APEC and TPP.

2.5- The case of Mexico: a Latin American country with most FTA and a member of the NAFTA.

1. Mexican Market
2. Mexico's Free Trade Agreements (FTA)
3. Mexico's integration and trade agreements with Western-Christian Civilisation:
   1. Latin America: ALADI, Northern Triangle (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras), Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Uruguay, Chile, MERCOSUR, Andean Community, Peru, and Ecuador
   2. North America: North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
   3. Europe: European Union (EU), European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
4. Mexico's Agreements with Sinic Civilisation - Buddhist: Japan
5. Agreement with Israel
6. Inter-civilisation Agreements:
   1. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
   2. Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (TPP)

2.6- Central America

1. Economy of Central America
2. Central American Common Market - Integrated with the SICA -
3. Central American Integration System (SICA)
4. Central American Countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama. The Dominican Republic
5. The case of Guyana and Suriname
6. Central America Free Trade Agreements (FTA)
   1. Agreements with Western-Christian Civilisation
      1. Latin America: FTA agreements with Panama, Central America and the Dominican Republic. Nicaragua and Costa Rica have a Free Trade Agreement with Mexico. Panama has a Free Trade Agreement with Chile. Andean Community-Panama
         The Northern Triangle countries Agreements (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras) with Mexico and Colombia
      2. North America: CAFTA-DR agreement (United States-Central America-Dominican Republic), Honduras-Canada, Canada-Costa Rica, Panama-Canada, United States-Panama
      3. Caribbean: Caribbean Community-Costa Rica
      4. Europe: Association Agreement with the European Union, EFTA-Central America
   2. Agreements with Sinic Civilisation.
      1. Taiwan has trade agreements with Honduras and El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama
      2. China-Costa Rica FTA
      3. Singapore-Panama FTA

Other Economic Institutions and Organisations related to integration in Latin America.

1. Organisation of American States (OAS)
2. Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
3. Inter-American Development Bank (BID)
4. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
5. Latin American and Caribbean Economic System (SELA)
6. Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
7. Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA)
8. Mesoamerica Project
9. Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
10. CARICOM

Relationships of Latin America with Asia, Muslim Countries, and Africa.

1. Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation (FEALAC)
2. Summit of South American-Arab Countries (ASPA)
3. Africa-South America Summit (ASA)

Map of economic integration in Latin America (Western-Christian Civilisation).

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Description of the Online Subject: Latin American Economic Area of Western-Christian Civilisation.

Latin American Countries seek to integrate their economies. Several integration projects are underway: UNASUR, ALADI, ALBA, MERCOSUR, and Andean Community. Latin America seeks its identity based on common history (former colonies), language (Spanish and Portuguese), religious (Christianity), ethnic (although we should consider the existence of different ethnic groups).

Latin America differs from other areas of Christian Civilisation in several aspects: influence of Amerindian religions, no influence of Protestant Reformation, Latin American Countries were colonies rather than colonisers.

Christianity is the main religion of Latin America. Latin America has been eminently Catholic, but Protestantism is becoming increasingly important.

Latin American Countries of the Pacific are increasingly turning to the Asia-Pacific region (Chile, Peru, and Mexico belong to the APEC). Perhaps Mexico is an exception (member of the NAFTA). Surely, Brazil is becoming the Central State.

Several Latin American civilisations had arisen in pre-Columbian times. Arnold Toynbee identified four pre-Columbian civilisations: Andean civilisation (the Universal State was the Inca Empire, and Inca religion -Viracocha-), Maya (Mayan religions, polytheistic), Mexican and Yucatan (absorbed by the Mexican), none has survived. Although it should also be considered Olmec civilisation (Mexico).

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