Latin American Economic Area

EENI- School of International Business

Subject: The Latin American Economic Area of the Western Christian Civilisation - America. Syllabus:

The Subject “The Latin American Economic Area of the Western Christian Civilisation” consists of four parts:

1. Introduction to the Latin American Economic Area of the Western Civilisation
   1. The Economic Profile of Latin American Countries
2. The Processes of Latin American economic integration of the Western Christian Civilisation (American) (Institutions, agreements). The Interactions with the other civilisations.
   1. The Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
   2. Economic Integration in South America
   3. The case of Chile
   4. The Andean Countries
   5. The case of Mexico
   6. Economic Integration in Central America
3. Other institutions and organisations related to the integration in Latin America
4. Relations between Latin America and Europe, Asia, the Arab Countries, and Africa

The objectives of the subject “The Latin American Economic Area” are the following:

1. To define the characteristics of the Latin American economic area of the Western Christian Civilisation
2. To analyse the influence of Christianity on the Latin American Economic Area
3. To know the economic profile of the Latin American Countries
4. To analyse the profile of business people in the Latin American Economic Area
5. To understand the processes of economic integration in Latin America (Western Christian Civilisation)
6. To know the economic relations with the other civilisations (Sinic, Hindu, Islamic, African, and Buddhist) and with other areas of the Western Christian Civilisation (Europe, the Caribbean, and the United States)
7. To analyse the main economic institutions related to the Latin American Economic Area

“The Latin American Economic Area.”

1- Introduction to the Latin American Economic Area of the Western Christian Civilisation (American)

1. The South American sub-continent
2. Christianity in Latin America
3. The Latin American Countries
4. The Economy of Latin America

2- Processes of Latin American economic integration of the Western Civilisation - American (Institutions, agreements) and the interactions with the other civilisations.

2.1- Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)

2.2- Integration in South America.

1. Introduction to the MERCOSUR
2. The MERCOSUR member countries: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay
3. Incorporation of Bolivia (accession process) and Venezuela
4. Interactions of the MERCOSUR through Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with
   1. The Christian Civilisation
      1. European: The European Union (EU)
      2. Latin America: Chile, the Andean Community, Mexico, and Peru
   2. The Hindu Civilisation: India
   3. With the Islamic Civilisation and/or African: Egypt
   4. With Israel
   5. Africa-BRICS (Brazil). Southern African Customs Union (Not in force)

2.3- The case of Chile (40% of its foreign trade is with Asia).

1. Chile's integration and FTAs with the Christian Civilisation
   1. Latin America: the ALADI, the MERCOSUR (associated), the Andean Community (associated), Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, Central America, and Panama. The Pacific Alliance (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru)
   2. North America: The United States and Canada
   3. Europe: The European Union (EU), the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
   4. FTA with Australia
2. Agreement with the Islamic Civilisation: FTA with Turkey
3. Agreements with the Sinic-Buddhist Civilisation: China, Japan, and South Korea
4. Agreements with the Hindu Civilisation: India
5. Inter-civilisation Agreements:
   1. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
   2. Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (TPP)

2.4- The Andean Countries.

1. The Andean Community
2. The Andean Countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
3. Integration and Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with
   1. The Christian Civilisation - Latin America:
      1. The Andean Community Agreements with the MERCOSUR, Chile, Mexico, and Panama
      2. The ALADI (all Andean Community countries), Chile-Ecuador
      3. Colombia's FTA: Mexico, Chile, the CARICOM, and the Northern Triangle (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras)
      4. Peru's FTA: The MERCOSUR, Chile
   2. The Christian Civilisation - North American:
      1. The United States (FTA) United States-Colombia, United States-Peru
      2. Canada (FTA) Colombia-Canada, Peru-Canada
   3. The Christian Civilisation - European: Association Agreement with the European Union (EU-Colombia, Peru), Colombia-European Free Trade Association FTA
   4. The Hindu Civilisation: India
   5. The Orthodox Civilisation: Russia
   6. The Sinic Civilisation - Buddhist: The Andean Community-China. Peru's agreements with China, Singapore, and South Korea
   7. Peru's inter-civilisation Agreements: The APEC and the TPP.

2.5- The case of Mexico: a Latin American country with most FTA and a member of the NAFTA.

1. The Mexican Market
2. Mexico's Free Trade Agreements (FTA)
3. Mexico's integration and trade agreements with the Christian Civilisation:
   1. Latin America: the ALADI, the Northern Triangle (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras), Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Uruguay, Chile, the MERCOSUR, the Andean Community, Peru, and Ecuador
   2. North America: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
   3. Europe: The European Union (EU), the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
4. Mexico's Agreements with the Sinic Civilisation - Buddhist: Japan
5. Agreement with Israel
6. Inter-civilisation Agreements:
   1. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
   2. Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (TPP)

2.6- Central America

1. The Economy of Central America
2. Central American Common Market - Integrated with the SICA -
3. Central American Integration System (SICA)
4. Central American Countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama. The Dominican Republic
5. The case of Guyana and Suriname
6. Central America's Free Trade Agreements (FTA)
   1. Agreements with the Christian Civilisation
      1. Latin America: FTA agreements with Panama, Chile, and the Dominican Republic. Nicaragua and Costa Rica have a Free Trade Agreement with Mexico. Panama has a Free Trade Agreement with Chile. The Andean Community-Panama
         Northern Triangle countries Agreements (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras) with Mexico and Colombia
      2. North American: CAFTA-DR agreement (United States-Central America-Dominican Republic), Honduras-Canada, Canada-Costa Rica, Panama-Canada, United States-Panama
      3. The Caribbean: Caribbean Community-Costa Rica
      4. European: Association Agreement with the European Union
   2. Agreements with the Sinic Civilisation.
      1. Taiwan has agreements with Honduras and El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama
      2. China-Costa Rica FTA
      3. Singapore-Panama FTA

Other Economic Institutions and Organisations related to the integration in Latin America.

1. Organisation of American States (OAS)
2. Community of Latin American and the Caribbean States (CELAC)
3. Inter-American Development Bank (BID)
4. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
5. Latin American and the Caribbean Economic System (SELA)
6. Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
7. Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (ALBA)
8. Mesoamerica Project
9. Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
10. CARICOM

Relationships of Latin America with Asia, the Muslim countries, and Africa.

1. Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation (FEALAC)
2. Summit of South American-Arab Countries (ASPA)
3. Africa-South America Summit (ASA)

Map of the economic integration in Latin America (Western Christian Civilisation).

Subject Description: Latin American Economic Area of the Western Christian Civilisation.

Latin American Countries seek to integrate their economies. Several integration projects are underway: UNASUR, ALADI, ALBA, the MERCOSUR, and the Andean Community. Latin America seeks its identity based on common history (former colonies), language (Spanish and Portuguese), religious (Christianity), ethnic (although we should consider the existence of different ethnic groups).

Latin America differs from other areas of the Christian Civilisation in several aspects: influence of Amerindian religions, no influence of the Protestant Reformation, Latin American Countries were colonies rather than colonizers.

Christianity is the principal religion of the Latin America. Latin America has been eminently Catholic, but Protestantism is becoming increasingly important.

Latin American Countries of the Pacific are increasingly turning to the Asia-Pacific region (Chile, Peru, and Mexico belongs to the APEC). Perhaps Mexico is an exception (member of the NAFTA). Surely, Brazil is becoming the Central State.

Several Latin American civilisations had arisen in pre-Columbian times. Arnold Toynbee identified four pre-Columbian civilisations: The Andean civilisation (the Universal State was the Inca Empire, and the Inca religion -Viracocha-), the Maya (Mayan religions, polytheistic), the Mexican and the Yucatan (absorbed by the Mexican), none has survived. Although it should also be considered the Olmec civilisation (Mexico).

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