Doing Business in Turkey

The objectives of the subject “International Trade and Business in the Republic of Turkey” are the following:

1. To analyze the Turkish Economy and Foreign Trade;
2. To know the business opportunities in the Republic of Turkey;
3. To explore the Turkish trade relations with the country of the student;
4. To know the Turkish Trade Agreements;
5. To examine the profile of the Turkish companies;
6. To analyze the customs union between Turkey and the EU and the Turkey-Africa Partnership;
7. To develop a business plan for the Turkish market.

The Subject “Foreign Trade and Business in Turkey” belongs to the following Online Programs taught by EENI Global Business School:

Masters: International Business, Foreign Trade.

Doctorate: Islamic Business, European Business.

Languages: (or Turquía Turquie).

1. Credits of the subject “Foreign Trade and Business in Turkey”: 3 ;
2. Duration: three weeks.

DIŞ TİCARET VE ULUSLAR ARASI ÇALIŞMA YÖNETİMİ (UYGULAMALI EĞİTİM).

1. Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia (TRACECA);
2. Trans-Caspian Corridor;
3. Afghanistan-Turkey Corridor (Lapis Lazuli);
4. China-Central Asia-West Asia Corridor;
5. Islamabad-Tehran-Istanbul Corridor (ITI-ECO);
6. Pan-European Corridor IX (Finland-Greece);
7. Access to the International North-South Transport Corridor (India-Russia);
8. Access to the Eurasian Land Transport Initiative (Silk Road);
9. Transit and Transport Cooperation Agreement (Lapis Lazuli Route Agreement);
10. Iran-Pakistan-Turkey Transit Transport Framework Agreement (TTFA).

Turkish Preferential Access and Free Trade Agreements:

1. Turkey and the Central Eurasian Economic Area;
2. Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO);
3. Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC);
4. European Union-Turkey Customs Union
   1. EU Enlargement;
   2. Euro-Mediterranean Partnership;
   3. Black Sea Synergy.
5. Turkey-Morocco Free Trade Agreement;
6. Turkey-Tunisia Free Trade Agreement;
7. Turkey-Egypt Free Trade Agreement;
8. Turkey-Serbia Free Trade Agreement;
9. Turkey-Montenegro Free Trade Agreement;
10. Turkey-Israel Free Trade Agreement;
11. Turkey-Macedonia Free Trade Agreement;
12. Turkey-Syria Free Trade Agreement;
13. Turkey-Albania Free Trade Agreement;
14. Turkey-Georgia Free Trade Agreement;
15. Turkey-Palestine Free Trade Agreement;
16. United Kingdom-Turkey Free Trade Agreement;
17. Turkey-Moldova Free Trade Agreement;
18. Turkey-Mauritius Free Trade Agreement;
19. Turkey-Bosnia and Herzegovina Free Trade Agreement;
20. Turkey-Singapore Free Trade Agreement;
21. European Free Trade Association (EFTA)-Turkey Free Trade Agreement;
22. Free Trade Agreements with Jordan, Lebanon, Chile, South Korea.
    1. FTA not yet ratified: Lebanon, Malaysia, Kosovo, and Ghana.
23. Islamic Trade Preferential System;
24. Trade Negotiations Among Developing Countries;
25. Regional Cooperation Council;
26. Regional Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM) (Observer);
27. Association of Caribbean States (ACS) (Observer);
28. SICA (observer);
29. IORA (dialogue partner);
30. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) (Dialogue Partner).

1. WTO
   1. Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures;
   2. Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS);
   3. Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade;
   4. Agreement on Preshipment Inspection;
   5. Agreement on Safeguards;
   6. Trade Facilitation Agreement.
2. WCO
   1. Revised Kyoto Convention.
3. COTIF Convention (Rail);
4. International Bureau of Containers and Intermodal Transport (BIC);
5. Chicago Convention (ICAO);
6. International Maritime Organization (IMO)
   1. Istanbul Convention.
7. Customs Convention on Containers;
8. COTIF Convention;
9. CIM & CIT Rules (Rail);
10. CMR Convention (UN);
11. International Chamber of Shipping (ICS);
12. International Road Transport Union (IRU)
    1. TIR Convention;
    2. Guidelines on Safe Load Securing for Road Transport.

Islamic Organizations:

1. Asian Development Bank;
2. Islamic Development Bank;
3. Asia-Middle East Dialogue.

Euro-Asian Trade and Economic Organizations:

1. Economic Commission for Europe;
2. European Investment Bank;
3. Asia Cooperation Dialogue;
4. OSCE.

Global Organizations:

1. UN
   1. UNCTAD;
   2. ITC;
   3. UNCITRAL;
   4. WIPO.
2. WB;
3. IMF;
4. African Development Bank;
5. OECD
   1. OECD anti-corruption measures.
6. Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (observer country).

The Republic of Turkey

1. Turkey has a total population of 78 million people (24 million people are active);
2. Area of Turkey: 783,562.38 km²;
3. Turkish Capital: Ankara (5.1 million);
4. Turkish largest city: Istanbul (14.3 million);
5. Official language of Turkey: Turkish;
6. Borders of Turkey: Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, and Syria;
7. Abolition of Slavery in Turkey: 1876.

Religion in Turkey: Islam.

1. Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence): Fiqh-el-hanafi (Hanafi).

Turkey belongs to the Central Eurasian Economic Area (Turkic area, Islamic Civilization).

(Foreign Trade and Business in Turkey):

Turkish Economy.

1. The economy of the Republic of Turkey has had a steady economic growth rate for the last twenty quarters;
2. The Turkish gross national product and GNP per capita shows the strength of the Turkish economy as well as its integration into the global economy;
3. The Republic of Turkey has made significant steps in restructuring Turkish financial sector, improving the public sector governance, and business environment;
4. Turkish GDP: 800 billion USD;
5. Average annual real GDP growth: 4.2%;
6. The main sectors of the Turkish economy are agriculture and food, automotive, Business Services, chemicals, electronics, energy and renewable, Financial Services, Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals, Information and communication technologies (ICT), Infrastructure, Machinery, manufacturing, mining, property (real estate), tourism, transportation, and logistics;
7. Turkish manufacturing sector: 24% of the GDP;
8. Turkey is the Sixteenth World's largest pharmaceutical product producer;
9. The Turkish agriculture sector will be one of the top five world producers (2023);
10. Property (real estate) sector in Turkey: 4.6% of the Turkish GDP;
11. A Global leader in dried figs, dried apricots, and hazelnuts production;
12. Turkey is the Seventeenth largest car maker in the World;
13. Turkey is the Seventh largest plastic producer in the World;
14. 30 million tourists every year;
15. Inflation in Turkey: 8%;
16. Deep structural reforms;
17. Universal Health Insurance;
18. Health “free zones”;
19. Currency of Turkey: Turkish Lira (TRY);
20. Turkey is a EU candidate member.

Turkish Foreign trade.

1. Turkey is a natural bridge between the Asian and the European Markets (Eurasian);
2. Total Turkish exports: 158 billion USD;
3. Total Turkish imports: 242 billion USD;
4. The main Turkish exports markets are the European Union (56%) (4%), the U.S. (4%), Romania (3%), the United Arab Emirates (3%), and Iraq (3%);
5. Textiles and transport equipment are the main imports of the EU from Turkey;
6. The main import providers are Russia, China, Germany, the U.S., Italy, Iran, India, and Spain;
7. The main imports origin of the Republic of Turkey are the European Union (41%), Russia (14%), the People's Republic of China (8%), the U.S. (5%), Iran (4%) and Switzerland (3%);
8. The main European Union exports to Turkey are machinery, Transport material, and chemical products;
9. Turkey has a Customs Union with the EU;
10. Access to the CIS and the Middle East markets;
11. Access to the Eurasian Land Transport Initiative.

Foreign direct investment in Turkey.

1. Total FDI: 12.5 billion USD;
2. Turkey is the thirteenth most attractive nation in the World for Foreign direct investment (FDI);
3. 41,397 foreign companies are established in the Republic of Turkey working in wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing, and property (real estate);
4. Textile production leads the manufacturing sector in foreign direct investment followed by chemicals and food and beverage products;
5. Government body: Ministry of Investment Support and Promotion Agency (ISPAT).

(c) EENI Global Business School (1995-2023)
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