Trade and Business in Syria, Damascus

The objectives of the subject “Foreign Trade and Business in the Syrian Arab Republic” are the following:

1. To analyze the Syrian Economy and Foreign Trade (Import, Export, FDI);
2. To know the business opportunities in the Syrian Arab Republic;
3. To explore the Syrian trade relations with the country of the student.

The Subject “Foreign Trade and Business in Syria” belongs to the following Online Higher Educational Programs taught by EENI Global Business School:

Masters (MIB): Business in Muslim Countries, International Business, Foreign Trade.

Doctorate (DIB): Islamic Business, World Trade.

Diploma: Business in the Middle East.

Learning materials in or Siria Syrie.

Credits of the subject “Foreign Trade and Business in Syria”: 1

1. International North-South Transport Corridor (India-Russia);
2. Access to the:
   1. Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia (TRACECA);
   2. Islamabad-Tehran-Istanbul Rail and Road Corridor (ITI-ECO);
   3. Trans-Caspian Trade and Transit Corridor (Central Corridor).

Syrian Preferential Access and Free Trade Agreements:

1. Syria and the Arab Economic Area;
2. Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Emirates, Jordan, Iran..;
3. Turkey-Syria Free Trade Agreement;
4. Greater Arab Free-Trade Area (GAFTA);
5. Islamic Trade Preferential System (TPS-OIC);
6. Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA);
7. Syria-European Union:
   1. European Neighborhood Policy;
   2. Euro-Mediterranean Partnership.

Trade Facilitation Programs

1. World Trade Organization (WTO) (in process of accession);
2. World Customs Organization (WCO)
   1. Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC).
3. International Rail Transport Committee (CIT);
4. Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea (Hamburg Rules, UN);
5. International Road Transport Union (IRU)
   1. TIR Convention;
   2. Guidelines on Safe Load Securing for Road Transport.
6. Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail (COTIF);
7. Uniform Rules concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail (CIM, CIT);
8. International Bureau of Containers and Intermodal Transport (BIC);
9. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, Chicago Convention);
10. International Maritime Organization (IMO) - not a member.

Islamic Organizations:

1. Arab League (LAS);
2. Summit of South American-Arab Countries (ASPA);
3. Asia-Middle East Dialogue (AMED);
4. Islamic Development Bank (IsDB);
5. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA);
6. Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC);
7. Arab Development Funds;
8. Afro-Arab Cooperation;
9. Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA);
10. Arab Trade Financing Programme (ATFP).

Global Organizations:

1. United Nations (UN)
   1. Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD);
   2. International Trade Centre (INTRACEN);
   3. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
2. World Bank (WB);
3. World Trade Organization (WTO);
4. International Monetary Fund (IMF).

The Syrian Arab Republic.

1. Syrian Population: 17 million people;
2. Capital of Syria: Damascus;
3. Syrian largest city: Aleppo;
4. Arabic is the language of 90% of the population and the official language of Syria;
5. The Syrian Arab Republic shares borders with Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Israel, and Lebanon;
6. Area of Syria: 185,180 square kilometers.

Religion in Syria.

1. 70% of the Syrian are Muslims Sunni, 15% Shiites and 10% are Christians;
2. The main school of Islamic Jurisprudence is the Hanafi.

Syria belongs to the Arab Economic Area (Islamic Civilization).

Syrian Economy

Important Note: The Arab region is undergoing deep changes, many countries are changing rapidly, some to more open economies, and others not. In the case of Syria, the civil war situation makes it extremely complex to do business in Syria. Furthermore, it is hard to reflect these socio-political changes on the course content.

1. Syrian Petroleum industry accounted for 23% of the Syrian GDP;
2. Syrian manufacturing sector accounts for only 6% of the GDP, employing 11% of the population;
3. In a medium and long-term (beyond petroleum and gas sector) could open up opportunities for the foreign direct investment (FDI) in the food sector;
4. In the Syrian Arab Republic products must be labelled indicating the country of origin. L;
5. Labeling: bilingual (Arabic and English), especially for consumer goods is advised;
6. Currency of Syria: Syrian Pound (SYP).

Syrian Foreign Trade

1. Top suppliers of the Syrian Arab Republic: Italy, China, Russia, Germany, France, Turkey, Ukraine, Saudi Arabia, and the United States;
2. Top Export Markets of the Syrian Arab Republic: Germany, Italy, France, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Turkey;
3. The Syrian Arab Republic is not a member of the World Trade Organization;
4. The import duties are very high.

Syrian Regional Institutions and Trade Agreements.

Syria has Trade Agreements with Saudi Arabia (1972), Egypt (1990), Kuwait (1991), Lebanon (1998), the United Arab Emirates (2000), Qatar (2000), Iraq (2001), and Jordan (2002). The trade agreement with Turkey will lead to a Free-Trade Area.

(c) EENI Global Business School (1995-2022)
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