Fiqh - Islamic jurisprudence

Sub-subject: Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) - Islam. Syllabus:

1. Introduction to the Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh)
2. Development of the Islamic Law based on the Koran and the Hadiths.
3. Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence:
   1. Fiqh-al-Hanafi
   2. Fiqh-al-Maliki
   3. Fiqh-al-Shafi
   4. Fiqh-al-Hambali

Sample of the sub-subject: Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) - Islamic Civilisation

Sub-Subject Description: Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh).

Fiqh (jurisprudence) represents the development of the Islamic Law from the various interpretations that have been given to the legal sources of Islam (the Koran, the Hadith)

It includes categories that regulate human behaviour in society and relation to God. Thus, the behaviour of the faithful can range from what is forbidden (haram) to the obligatory (Fard), going through the disapproved (makruh), the neutral (mubah) or recommended (tahabb).

The Five Pillars of Islam (Profession of Faith, Prayer, Charity (Zakat), Fasting, Pilgrimage to Mecca) mark the obligations (Fard) of the Muslim.

According to the Sharia (and the country), breach of any of these obligations may be legal offence or crime.

Fiqh or jurisprudence is represented by the Sunnis, in four schools:

1) Fiqh-al-Hanafi (Hanafi).

It is the largest of the schools, approximately 45% of all Sunni Muslims follow the Hanafi School of Fiqh. In general, the Hanafi School is the most open and flexible. The main Hanafi countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Pakistan, India, China, and Russia.

2) Fiqh-al-Maliki (Maliki).

The Maliki School of jurisprudence is part of the official legal codes of the State of Kuwait, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates. The main Maliki countries are Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Mauritania, Kuwait, Oman, Libya, Sudan, and Egypt.

3) Fiqh-al-Chafiy (Shafi).

The School Fiqh-al-Chafiy is recognised as the official school of the governments of Brunei and Malaysia. The Indonesian Government used this law school for the development of the Sharia. The main countries are Egypt, South of the Arabian Peninsula, Tanzania, Kenya, Djibouti, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

4) Fiqh-al-Hamball (Hambali).

The Hambali School is considered the more puritanical and strict of the Islam, the interpretation of the Koran and tradition must always be literal, not having a margin for interpretation. It has expanded from the Arabian Peninsula and the Gulf Emirates Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Yemen.

It should be noted that a Muslim must adhere to only one of these schools, cannot belong to more than one, and neither can be changed from one to another.

Sharia - Human Rights in Islam

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