Anti-dumping Measures, Safeguards (Master)

Syllabus of the Online Subject: Contingent trade-protective measures (Anti-dumping Measures, Safeguards. Non-tariff Measures)

1. Introduction to Contingent trade-protective measures
2. Anti-dumping measures
   1. Anti-dumping investigation process
3. Compensatory measures
   1. Countervailing measures
   2. Export prices undertaking
4. Safeguard measures
5. WTO Agreement on Safeguards (SG)

The objectives of the subject “Contingent trade-protective measures (Anti-dumping Measures, safeguards)” are the following:

1. To understand the basics of Contingent trade-protective measures in international trade
2. To learn how anti-dumping, safeguard and compensatory measures (countervailing measures, Export prices undertaking) work
3. To analyse an anti-dumping investigation process
4. To know the different types of safeguard measures: safeguard duties, quantitative restrictions, contingents and special levies

Example of the Online Subject - Contingent trade-protective measures (Anti-dumping Measures, safeguards):

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Description of the Online Subject - Contingent trade-protective measures

Non-tariff Technical Measures related to Foreign Trade protection are implemented by the States, to counteract particular adverse or negative effects of imports in the importing market.

Anti-dumping Measures

In foreign trade, Dumping refers to those cases in which a good is imported in a country at a less price than its normal value (for example, in the local market, or even below the production price). All those non-tariff foreign trade protection measures designed to avoid dumping are called anti-dumping measures.

The most common anti-dumping measures implemented by governments are:

1. Anti-dumping duties (applied on the import price of the dumped product)
2. Export prices undertaking by exporters (to avoid payment of anti-dumping duties)

When a domestic producer detects a dumping practice, it must be communicated to the authorities of its country, to initiate the anti-dumping investigation process. Provisional anti-dumping duties may be applied in the investigation phase.

Countervailing Measures

In certain sectors, the Government of the country of the exporter may have granted certain subsidies that affect the real price of a good, and therefore could cause negative effects to a manufacturer in the country of the importer. To avoid this situation, the countervailing measures are applied:

1. Countervailing duties
2. Undertakings by exporters

Safeguard Measures - WTO Agreement on Safeguards (SG)

The application of a safeguard measure by a country implies the temporary suspension of multilateral concessions (World Trade Organisation), as long as a series of conditions are met. The importer's country must conduct an investigation and demonstrate that the increase in imports of that product could be a threat to local manufacturers.

The safeguard measures can be:

1. Safeguard duty
2. Safeguard quantitative restriction
3. Special levies
4. Tariff-rate quotas
5. Special safeguard measures for agriculture

Related information:

1. Agreement on Preshipment Inspection
2. Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
3. Customs and World Trade Organisation

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