International Contracts. Vienna Convention

1. Introduction to International Contracts
2. Risks related to International Trade
3. Instruments of Risk minimization
4. Guarantees in Foreign Trade
5. UN Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)
6. Clauses of an international contract
   1. Anti-corruption clause of the International Chamber of Commerce
7. Arbitration
8. Analysis of International Sales Contracts
9. Examples of contracts:
   1. International Distributor
   2. Importer
   3. Agent
10. Religion and international contracts
    1. Introduction to Sharia (Islamic law)
11. Examples of contracts: distributor, importer, and broker
12. Case Study: Dispute over Late Delivery in an International Sales Contract
13. Case Study: Financing Contract between a Saudi company and a European company

AI for Global Business

1. AI and Global Trade
2. Digital Trade and Cross-Border E-Commerce

Legislative texts related to International sale of goods (UNCITRAL)

1. United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980) [CISG]
2. Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties
3. Hague Conference on Private International Law
4. Convention on the Limitation Period in international Sale of Goods
5. UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration
6. UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Conciliation

Rules and conventions related to International Transport.

1. Rotterdam Rules
2. Hamburg Rules (Sea)
3. TIR Convention
4. CMR Convention
5. e-AWB (electronic Air Waybill)

This Subject objectives at familiarizing the student with International Contracts as they are used in International Trade transactions.

1. To learn how to implement the main clauses of an international sales contract and how to minimise the risks
2. To know main international institutions and conferences related to International Contracts
3. To know how to manage an international arbitration process
4. To know functioning of an arbitration process

The Subject “International Contracts” is included within the curriculum of the following academic programs at EENI Global Business School:

Masters: International Business, Foreign Trade, International Transport.

Postgraduate Certificate in International Trade.

Doctorate: World Trade.

Languages: or Contrat international Contratos internacionales contratos.

1. Subject Credits “International Contracts”: 3 ECTS
2. Duration: 3 weeks

1. However, it is strongly recommended establishing an international contract of sale for all international transactions
2. One can avoid doubts and misunderstandings concerning what has been agreed during the negotiation of terms if they are set down in writing
3. In certain cases, a verbal agreement is legally binding, for example, when an exporter makes a sale at an international fair
4. Most Foreign Trade transactions do not use a formal contract in practice. However, the clauses in the commercial invoice and the incorporation of an appropriate Incoterm in the export price as well as national legislation will nevertheless imply certain obligations of the parties
5. In any case; we recommend using a formal contract
6. A standard model contract for international sales has been drafted by the International Chamber of Commerce

Anti-corruption Clause of the International Chamber of Commerce.

CLAUSES.

An international contract is drafted based on the following:

1. Regulations and practice of International Trade (for example, Incoterms)
2. Arbitration in International Trade (for example, possible Dispute Resolution)

Here are the usual clauses of an international contract. However, one should call upon the services of a legal advisor to produce a well-prepared contract.

1. Preamble
2. Definitions
3. Duties and obligations
4. Communication and documentation
5. Prices
6. Terms of payment
7. Penalties
8. Force majeure
9. Official authorizations and permits
10. Dispute resolution
11. Language
12. Other condition

Arbitration is a method of dispute resolution relating to International Contracts of sale. A well-prepared clause on arbitration provides a basis to conduct arbitration duty in the case of litigation.

The Vienna Convention on International Sales Contracts of Goods regulates the formation of international contracts of sales. The Convention was signed in Austria on 11 April 1980. Forty countries have adopted it, the majority of which are developed.

The layout of a contract is left entirely up to enterprises; it can also be accepted in a verbal form; although there are signatories countries to the Vienna Convention who do not accept verbal agreements and only recognise a written form of a contract. For a contract to be considered accepted the consignee's consent must be obtained. Silence cannot be interpreted as consent.

The delivery of products must be performed according to what has been stipulated in the contract of sale, and products must be of the agreed quality, quantity, and type. The products must be inspected as soon as possible and, if the products are non-compliant; it must be communicated to the exporter within a reasonable period.

Religions and Global Business - Religious diversity

Religion plays a significant role in international contracts by influencing the ethical values, cultural practices, and legal norms of the parties involved. To ensure the success of these contracts, it is essential that negotiators be culturally competent, respect religious differences, and adopt an ethical approach that fosters mutual trust. Although religion can create challenges, it also offers opportunities for intercultural cooperation and dialogue, particularly through cultural diplomacy and corporate social responsibility.

FIATA Transport Documents and International Contracts:

1. FIATA FBL: FBL is a transportation contract
2. FIATA FWB: FWB is a transportation contract
3. e-Bill of Lading
4. FIATA FCR: it is not accepted as a transport document according to the rules of letters of credit
5. FIATA FCT: FCT is a transportation contract
6. Warehouse Receipt