“The future of humanity is becoming more African” (UNICEF).
In thirty-five years, 25% of the world's population will be African
Africa will lead the World population growth over the next fifty years
50% of the African population will live in a city (2040)
Population of Nigeria in 2100: 1 billion Nigerians
African demographic dividend
African Economy
Nigeria is the largest African Economy followed by South Africa, Egypt, Algeria, Angola, Morocco, Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia..
The Leading the African economic sectors are agriculture (25% of the GDP) and services
African manufacturing sector: only 10% of the African GDP
African women are one of the pillars of Africa's economic development (70 percent of the agricultural labour force)
E African Mobile Revolution
Africa: emerging continent or next “frontier market”?
Nigeria: world's first frontier market
Intra-African Trade
African Union vision: to increase the intra-African trade up
to 25% (currently 10%) through the regional integration. The action plan to
stimulate intra-African trade.
The ultimate objective is to create the African common market “The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)” (one billion people, a
combined GDP of $ 1.2 trillion) made up of fifty-four African countries.
Key role of the Regional Economic Communities (RECs)
African products have an “EXW” competitive cost, but the distribution process in Africa (transport and logistics, handling, customs,
stockage...) increases the final price generating a loss of competitiveness
Too many barriers to the Intra-African Trade (Export Diversification, lack of infrastructures, Technical Barriers to Trade, cross-border trade,
customs...)
African Development Bank estimates that the cost of transporting
a
container from Durban (South Africa) to Lusaka (Zambia) - 1,633
kilometers is 8,000 dollars while costing only 1,800 from Durban to Japan
One - stop border posts can help to reduce the custom's clearance times on the African borders. For example, on the border between Uganda and Kenya (Malaba), the border crossing has been reduced from 24 hours (2011) to 4 hours (2012)
Importance of the African Value Chains
Delays in the African customs: twelve days (in Central Asia: six days)
Financial systems in Africa are limited and not sufficiently regionally integrated, resulting in high transaction costs and high levels of risk.
One of the pillars of the African financial system is the cross-border banking sector
African International Trade
Nearly 80% of the African exports are exported outside Africa
Africa, the factory of the world?
Asia is Africa's third largest export market (26% of the total African international trade). The main exports are commodities
China is the first export market of Africa (50% of total African exports: fuel and natural resources). China is the first investor in Africa.
India: 25% of the total exports of the African products, Brazil 13%, South Africa 11% and Russia 1%
Africa-BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa)
trade: 500 billion dollars
The main exported products by the BRICS countries to Africa are manufactured products (mainly from China) and food products (mainly from
Brazil)
Landlocked African Countries
Fifteen African countries do not have access to the sea: Botswana,
Burkina Faso, Burundi, Chad, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Lesotho,
Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Eswatini, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
High logistics costs (up to 77%)
Solution: African transport corridors
Africa needs 93 billion dollars (15% of the African GDP) in infrastructure investments