(*) The Orthodox nations with Orthodox majorities of the European Union (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, and Romania) are not discussed in this subject, but they are included, from the economic integration, in the study of the European Economic Area
of the Western Civilization because of its membership to the EU
The countries of the Coptic area of the Orthodox Civilization such Egypt (African/Islamic
Civilization) and Ethiopia (African Civilization) are not included
Sample:
4- Economic Integration of the Orthodox Civilization.
There are eighteen Free Trade Agreements (FTA) between the countries of the Orthodox Civilization considered in this analysis.
Armenia has Free Trade Agreements with Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine
Belarus has Free Trade Agreements with Armenia, Russia, and Ukraine
Georgia has Free Trade Agreements with Armenia, Russia, and Ukraine
Moldova has Free Trade Agreements with Armenia, Russia, and Ukraine
Montenegro has a Free Trade Agreement with Ukraine
Macedonia has a Free Trade Agreement with Ukraine
Russia has Free Trade Agreements with Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Serbia, and Ukraine
Serbia has Free Trade Agreements with Russia, Ukraine
Ukraine has Free Trade Agreements with Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, and Serbia
Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine are members of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) (with Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and Turkey;
Belarus has status of Observer)
Between 200 and 300 million people in the World is Orthodox, the second Christian family after Catholicism and before Protestantism.
Russia is undoubtedly the Central State of the Orthodox Civilization;
Russia is also a BRICS country (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.
Since 1741 to 1917, the Russian colonial empire it stretched from the Baltic Sea to Alaska, from Poland to part of Turkey controlling the majority of the Orthodox Civilization and Central Asia. Russia, as head of the Orthodox Civilization, dominated vast areas of the Western and the Islamic Civilization and even a Buddhist country like Mongolia.
After the revolution of 1917, it was created in 1922 the Soviet Union formed by Russia, the Soviet Federal Socialist Republic of Transcaucasia, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, later the Republics of Central Asia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan were added. After completion of the Second World War, the USSR also would control Poland, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, the Balkans, and the Baltic Republics leading to the beginning of the Cold War.
The collapse of the USSR in 1991 would lead to the independence of these countries. Since then, Russia tries to maintain the leadership in the region. However, in the recent years, Russia has had military clashes with Georgia or Ukraine.
In addition, we must take into account the “great game of the petrol and gas” that develops in the Central Eurasian region.
Nowadays not a large economic integration project integrates all the countries of the Orthodox Civilization although several Free Trade Agreements between these countries have been established. Perhaps in the next decades, we will observe the emergence of a massive integration project of the Orthodox
Economies.
Russia and the Orthodox Countries are focusing their international economic relations mainly on two areas:
Europe, in particular with the European Union
The Central Asian Republics
Surely, the Orthodox Civilization is one of the civilizations less integrated with the other civilizations.
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Situation of the Orthodox Civilization.
(c) EENI Global Business School (1995-2022)
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