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Asia Business Economy
Contents:
- The Central Asia Region: Population, Economy, Foreign Trade. Central Asian Union.
- Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO).
ECO Chamber of Commerce & Industry. ECO Trade & Development Bank.
- Country economic profiles and doing business in ....
- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
- Republic of Azerbaijan.
- Islamic Republic of Iran.
- Republic of Kazakhstan.
- Kyrgyz Republic.
- Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
- Republic of Tajikistan.
- Republic of Turkey.
- Turkmenistan.
- Republic of Uzbekistan.
Summary
Central Asia countries: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Foreign Trade. ECO Chamber of Commerce Industry
The ECO (Economic Cooperation Organization) region is geographically vast and well endowed with
potential economic resources in different fields and sectors, such as agriculture and arable land, energy and mining, human resources, and a vast strategic trading region.
One of the main objectives of ECO as a regional grouping is to promote
trade within the region and the rest of the world based on the principle of free
trade, and to meet the challenges of
globalization.
In pursuance of this objective, a number of projects and programs have been
embarked upon during the past five years. These ECO projects and programs can
broadly be categorized as under:
- Trade liberalization activities
- trade facilitation projects
- cooperation with international agencies.
The ECO region as a whole posted a robust annual average GDP growth rate of more than 6% since 2002. The overall GDP of the region reached some US$ 1.47 trillion by the end of 2008. The sustained GDP growth rates over the recent years has helped increase income per capita as it increased by 54% from US$ 4,103 in 2002 to US$ 6,337 in 2008.
The regional countries continued to implement a range of reforms to create favorable conditions for attracting
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) which includes improvements in investment legislation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and liberalization of investment flows.
With more than 400 million inhabitants, ECO region houses around 6% of the world population, whereas the total trade share of the region in the world trade is about 2%. The intra-export ratio of the region reached around 6% in 2008. The regional economies are continuously making efforts to promote intra-regional trade and implementing measures to improve regulatory framework in the region.
Azerbaijan is the most industrially developed country than the other Trans-Caucasian states. It resembles the Central Asian states in its majority Muslim population, high structural current unemployment, and comparatively low standard of living. However, the emphasis on heavy industry has considerably expanded two traditional industries
(petroleum and natural gas) but engineering, light industry, and food production are also of growing importance. Azerbaijan shares all the formidable problems of the ex-Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its long-term prospects. It has recently embarked on significant progress on economic reform, but some old economic ties and structures have yet to be replaced.
Afghanistan is an extremely poor, landlocked country, highly dependent on farming, handicrafts and livestock raising (sheep and goats). Gross domestic product has fallen substantially over the past 20 years because of the loss of labor and capital and the disruption of trade and transport.
Kazakhstan, the second largest of the former Soviet states in territory, possesses enormous untapped fossil-fuel reserves as well as plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals. It also has considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands accommodating both livestock and grain production. Kazakhstan's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a relatively large machine building sector.
The people of Kyrgyzstan have traditionally raised livestock and engaged in farming. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products and exports. By the late 20th century the Republic had become a source for nonferrous metals, notably of antimony and mercury ores, and a producer of machinery, light industrial products, hydroelectric power, and food products. Gold mining has increased in importance, and Kyrgyzstan possesses substantial coal reserves and some petroleum and natural gas deposits. Hydroelectric power provides more than three-fourths of the country’s electric energy.
The Tajik economy has been seriously weakened by the civil war of 1992-97. Due to that, Tajikistan has shown the next-to-lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR and an extremely low standard of living. Agriculture dominates the economy, with cotton being the most important crop. Rather varied mineral resources include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry is represented by a large aluminum plant, gold-processing plant, carpet-making factory and mining plant, hydro power facilities and factories mostly in light industry and food processing.
Turkmenistan is specialized in cotton cultivation, oil and natural gas extraction.
Turkmenistan represents mainly a desert country with nomadic cattle-breeding, intensive agriculture in arid areas and huge oil and gas resources. Half of irrigated land is involved in cotton cultivation making the country the tenth world cotton producer. Turkmenistan takes the fourth place in the world for gas resources and has considerable oil reserves as well.
Uzbekistan is one of the leading world producers of cotton. The country occupies the 4th place in the world by producing cotton fiber and the 2nd place by its export. Also, the country produces and exports a large volume of natural gas not only to the Central Asian and CIS countries but to Europe as well.
The Republic manufactures machinery and equipment and has the powerful energetic system.
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), is an intergovernmental regional organization established in 1985 by Iran,
Pakistan and Turkey for the purpose of promoting economic, technical and cultural cooperation among the Member States.
ECO Current Membership: Islamic State of Afghanistan,
Azerbaijan Republic, Islamic Republic of
Iran, Republic of
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyz Republic, Islamic Republic of
Pakistan, Republic of
Tajikistan, Republic of
Turkey,
Turkmenistan and Republic of
Uzbekistan.
ECO Chamber of Commerce & Industry
ECO-CCI, was founded by the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey,
Iran Chamber of Commerce, Industries and Mines, and Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry, in 1990. Today, ECO-CCI has 10 members
The Economic Cooperation Organization Trade and Development Bank is a Multilateral Development Bank (MDB) established on August 3, 2005 by Iran, Pakistan and Turkey, which are the founding members of the ECO.
Sample:
Available Languages : 
 Master in Asia business
- Master in Business with Muslims countries
Central Asia, Business Economy, Economic, Cooperation, Organization, ECO, countries, Foreign Trade, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
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